(1)光源。光源的(de)功能是發(fa)射(she)(she)被測元素的(de)特(te)征共振輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)。對光源的(de)基本要求是:發(fa)射(she)(she)的(de)共振輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)的(de)半寬度(du)要明(ming)顯(xian)小(xiao)于吸收線的(de)半寬度(du);輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)強(qiang)度(du)大;背景低,低于特(te)征共振輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)1%;穩定性好,30min之(zhi)內漂(piao)移不超過(guo)1%;噪(zao)聲小(xiao)于0.1%;使(shi)用(yong)壽命長于5A·h。多用(yong)空心陰極燈(deng)等銳線光源。
(2)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)器。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)器的功能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提供能(neng)量,使試(shi)樣干燥、蒸發和原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)。在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子吸(xi)收光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)分析(xi)中(zhong)(zhong),試(shi)樣中(zhong)(zhong)被測元素的原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整個分析(xi)過程的關(guan)鍵環節。實現原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)的方法(fa)(fa),*常(chang)用有兩種(zhong):一種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火焰原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(火焰原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)器),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)分析(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)*早使用的原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)方法(fa)(fa),至今仍在(zai)(zai)廣(guang)(guang)泛地被應用;另(ling)一種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)火焰原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa),其中(zhong)(zhong)應用*廣(guang)(guang)的是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)墨爐電熱原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子化(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)。
(3)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)器(qi)(qi)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)器(qi)(qi)由入射(she)(she)(she)和出(chu)射(she)(she)(she)狹(xia)縫、反射(she)(she)(she)鏡和色散(san)元件(jian)組成,其作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)所需(xu)要(yao)的共振(zhen)吸收線(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)出(chu)來(lai)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)器(qi)(qi)的關鍵(jian)部件(jian)是(shi)色散(san)元件(jian),現在(zai)商品儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)都是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)柵。原(yuan)子吸收光(guang)譜儀(yi)對分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)器(qi)(qi)的分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率要(yao)求不(bu)高(gao),曾以(yi)能分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)辨開鎳三(san)線(xian)(xian)Ni230.003,Ni231.603,Ni231.096nm為標(biao)準,后采用(yong)(yong)Mn279.5和Mn279.8nm代替(ti)Ni三(san)線(xian)(xian)來(lai)檢定分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率。光(guang)柵放(fang)置在(zai)原(yuan)子化器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)后,以(yi)阻止(zhi)來(lai)自(zi)原(yuan)子化器(qi)(qi)內的所有(you)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)的輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)進入檢測(ce)器(qi)(qi)。
(4)檢測系統。原子吸收分光光度計中廣泛使用的檢測器是光電倍增管,也有一些儀器采用CCD作為檢測器。
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